Propellerhead Reason - 4.0 Instrukcja Operacji Pobierz pdf (Strona 244)

NN-19 SAMPLER

242

Introduction

A sampler could be described as a device capable of recording and reproducing au-

dio material, like a tape recorder. Unlike a tape or hard disk based recorder, samplers

allows you to “play” the recorded sound via MIDI, using a keyboard for example. This

way, any reproducible sound can be integrated into the MIDI environment, and be

controlled from sequencers etc. like synthesizers.

The NN-19 is a sample player, capable of reproducing, but not recording or editing

sound files.

The program comes with numerous ready-made sample patches, covering all kinds of

instrument types. In addition to this there are plenty of single samples that can be

used for creating your own patches.

If you want to record or edit your own samples, there are plenty of relatively inexpen-

sive (and even free) audio editing software for both the Windows and the Mac OS

platforms, that will allow you to both record audio (via your computers or audio cards

audio inputs), and to edit the resulting audio file. Virtually every product that is capable

of this, can create sound files which can be loaded directly into the NN-19.

Also, there are thousands of high quality sample CD:s available, covering every con-

ceivable musical style or direction ranging from professionally recorded orchestral

samples to esoteric electronic noises.

General Sampling Principles

Background

Before a sound can be used by a sampler, it must be converted to a digital signal.

Hardware samplers provide audio inputs that can convert the analog signal to digital,

by the use of an “A/D Converter” (analog to digital). This “samples” the signal at very

short time intervals and converts it to a digital representation of the analog signal’s

waveform. The sample rate and the bit depth of this conversion determines the result-

ing sound quality. Finally the signal is passed through a digital to analog converter (D/

A) which reconstructs the digital signal back to analog, which can be played back.

Multisampling vs. Single Samples

Most of the included NN-19 patches are made up of a collection of several samples.

This is because a single sampled sound only sounds natural within a fairly narrow fre-

quency range. If a single sample is loaded into an empty NN-19, the sample will be

playable across the whole keyboard. The pitch (frequency) of the original sample

(called root-key) will be automatically placed on the middle C key (C3).

Note that this has nothing to do with the actual pitch the sample itself produces! It

may not even have a pitch as such, it could be the sound of someone talking for exam-

ple.

If you play any single sample about two octaves above or below its root key, it will

most likely sound very “unnatural”. In the case of it actually being a sample of some-

one talking, playing two octaves up will make the talking voice sample sound squeaky,

short and most likely unintelligible. Two octaves down the voice will sound something

like a drawn-out gargle.

Thus, the range that most samples can be transposed without sounding unnatural is

limited. To make a sampled piano, for example, sound good across the whole key-

board, you need to first have made many samples at close intervals across the key-

board, and then define an upper and lower range for each sample, called a Key Zone.

All the keyzones in the piano sample patch then make up a Key Map.

How to create key zones is described on page 244.

To sample real instruments accurately requires a lot of hard work. Firstly, you need the

original instrument, which should be in perfect working order. For acoustic instru-

ments you need a couple of good microphones, a mixer or other device with high

quality microphone preamps, and a room with good acoustics. You need to be metic-

ulous when recording the different samples, so that levels are smooth and even

across the range etc.

Fortunately Reason provides a wide range of high quality multisampled instruments,

so much of this hard work has already been done for you.

In our experience, most people don’t use samplers only for playing sampled versions

of “real” instruments. Very often, single “stand alone” or single samples are used.

Maybe you wish to use different sounds for every key zone. Or you could have com-

plete chorus and verse vocals plus variations assigned to several “one note” key

zones. Or use samples of different chords that play rhythmic figures to the same

tempo, and use these to build song structures etc. The possibilities are endless.

When you use samples in this way, the keys on your keyboard that play the samples

do not necessarily correspond to pitch at all, the keys are simply used to trigger the

samples.

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